Jorge Daniel Juárez

Embryo cryopreservation is a valuable tool for maintaining genetic variability and preserving breeds and lines, allowing to assess the response to selection and enabling genetic diffusion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rederivation by embryo vitrification and transfer procedures on the growth and reproductive traits in a paternal rabbit line selected for average daily gain from weaning (28 days old) to fattening (63 days old). The rederived population was bred over two generations at the same time as a control population of this paternal line and, growth trait parameters (weights at weaning, end of the fattening period, and average daily gain) and reproductive performance (kindling rate, litter size at birth and at weaning) were compared with three filial generations. Moreover, fetal growth and litter size components were assessed for the second generation by ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Differences in postnatal growth traits (end of fattening weight and average daily gain) were observed in the three generations assessed. However, fetal growth, litter size components, and reproductive traits did not show significant differences. In conclusion, cryopreservation and embryo transfer processes cause changes in growth traits of reconstituted populations that influence the following generations, without changes in reproductive traits in a paternal line of rabbits.

embryo vitrification, fetal growth, litter size, growth line, rabbit

https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2022.909446

Juan Alfredo Tuesta Panduro

Resilience, the ability of start-ups to deal with anticipated instabilities and probable disruptions, is becoming an important success element during coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). To survive in this pandemic situation, resilience is an important concept for start-ups. The present paper aims to “identify”, “analyse” and “categorize” the resilience factors for start-ups during the Covid-19 pandemic using total interpretive structural modelling (TISM).

Resilience, Start-ups, Dynamic capabilities, Sustainable resilience practice, Total interpretive structural modelling

https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-09-2021-0530

Juan Alfredo Tuesta Panduro

This study aims to identify how ICT appeared as an emergent business strategy and to investigate the impact of ICT adoption factors on the perceived benefits of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).

Information communication technologies (ICT), Business strategy, Adoption factors, COVID-19, MSMEs.

http://www.doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2021-0685

Juan Alfredo Tuesta Panduro

En la actualidad se requiere de profesionales que cuenten con competencias investigativas que permitan contribuir de manera efectiva a la solución de problemas que se presentan en la sociedad. Este artículo presenta un modelo propuesto para la adquisición de tales competencias en los estudiantes de la Universidad Señor de Sipán en el Perú. Esta investigación está fundamentada en una corriente cualitativa, mediante la Investigación Acción Participativa que busca generar una transformación en los estudiantes de la facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad Señor de Sipán los actores involucrados son dos docentes y 120 estudiantes, para el desarrollo de esta investigación se emplea el modelo de investigación acción de Kemmis & Mctaggart quienes plantean un proceso por ciclos: planificación, acción, observación y reflexión. Los resultados muestran que al desarrollar acciones en las que se involucran directamente a los estudiantes se generan aprendizajes y cambios permanentes. Se logró el desarrollo de competencias investigativas en los estudiantes, mejorando su capacidad de pensar reflexivamente y proponer soluciones a problemas planteados.

Competencias investigativas, Investigación Acción Participativa, estudiantes.

https://hdl.handle.net/11537/30277

Jaime Basilio Atencio, Roberto Dávila Trujillo

Se determinó el contenido de vitamina C y la actividad antioxidante en pulpa de camu camu maduro y pintón, antes y después de la liofilización. Las operaciones previas sobre los frutos de camu camu, fueron: selección y clasificación, control de pesos, despulpado, separación de la cáscara, semilla y pulpa y licuado. La precongelación se realizó en un ultracongelador a temperatura de -40 °C. En estas condiciones se realizó la sublimación. La pulpa de camu camu tuvo un rendimiento de 68.38%. El proceso de liofilización presentó una disminución en el peso hasta un 9.8 %. La pulpa liofilizada de camu camu en polvo presentó para el estado verde y maduro un valor de 11 557.62 y 14 557.62 mg ácido ascórbico/100 g de pulpa respectivamente. En ambos casos, se incrementó su valor por la evaporación del agua que fue alrededor del 94 %. La pulpa liofilizada de camu camu en polvo presentó un incremento en la concentración de polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante tanto para el estado el estado verde y maduro, en ambos casos se debió por la evaporación del agua durante la liofilización.

Camu camu, liofilizado, Vitamina C, Polifenoles totales, Capacidad Antioxidante

http://dx.doi.org/10.25127/riagrop.20221.780

Jaime Basilio Atencio

Quinoa, kañiwa, kiwicha and tarwi are ancient native crops from the Andes highlands of South America. Due to their remarkably high nutritional value, they offer major promise as ingredients in various food products. The aims of this study were to determine the nutritional value of certain varieties of quinoa, kañiwa, kiwicha and tarwi and to use these grains to develop novel, nutritious prototypes of products such as a malted beverage, extruded porridge, gluten-free bread and culinary dishes. The proximate, mineral and phenolic compound contents were evaluated in the Andean grains and final products. Two gluten-free breads were prepared, one made with quinoa and another made with kañiwa. An instant porridge prototype for child nutrition was developed. It had a protein content of 16% and it could, therefore, be considered to be a source of protein. The protein had a high in vitro digestibility (96.3%) and the chemical score was 0.92. The malted beverage prepared with quinoa and kiwicha had a protein content of 7.7%, which represents a value of 1.5 to 2 times more protein than dairy milk. The quinoa-amaranth beverage developed in this study is an excellent locally grown alternative to commercially available plant-based beverages usually made with soy, almond or oat, all of which are imported into Peru. Quinoa, kañiwa, kiwicha and tarwi are innovative, nutritious and tasty alternatives for restaurants seeking new ingredients for their recipes

Amaranthus chenopodium, extrusion, gluten-free, Lupinus, malted beverage.

https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2021008015

Wilmer Castro Mendocilla

Este artículo tuvo como finalidad realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en las Ingenierías, para ello se hizo búsquedas en al menos cinco bases de datos tomando como referencia la metodología PRISMA y aplicando algunos criterios. El universo fue de 92 documentos de los cuales la muestra seleccionada fue de 34 que cumplieron con los criterios descritos. Se concluye que poner en práctica las TIC ha dinamizado la comprensión de las matemáticas, lo cual ha aportado a la formación de los estudiantes, aunque es válido mencionar, la existencia de vacíos relacionados con que dichos estudios no han medido el impacto que las TIC aportan a lo largo de un determinado período de tiempo y las implicaciones que esto ha representado para los docentes que facilitan dichos procesos.

Aprendizaje, ingeniería, matemática, TIC.

https://tecnocientifica.com.mx/educateconciencia/index.php/revistaeducate/article/view/552

Julio Alfonso Chia Wong

Frosty pod rot disease of cacao (FPR), caused by the fungus Moniliophthora roreri, has severely impacted the production of cocoa in Latin America since its discovery. Prior to the 1950s, FPR was known only from Colombia and Ecuador. However, beginning in the 1970s, its geographical range has dramatically expanded throughout most of the cacao-producing regions of the Americas. The origin of the pathogen remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of M. roreri from areas spanning, as much as possible, its current geographical range using simple-sequence repeat markers and a publicly available single-nucleotide polymorphism data set. Two hotspots of genetic diversity were found: coastal Ecuador and the inter-Andean Magdalena Valley of Colombia, neither of which correspond to the Amazonian origin of the host. However, both areas were early centres of intense cultivation of cacao. Our results indicate that M. roreri was introduced into both areas from its centre of origin, where intensive cacao cultivation probably led to the increase of inoculum and further dissemination of the disease. Current invasions can be traced to two genotypes responsible for all known instances of the pathogen in Central America, the Caribbean, Peru and Bolivia. We also report for the first time M. roreri in Maynas (Peruvian Amazon), which is probably the result of a recent introduction from Colombia.

Airborne fungi, Basidiomycota, Dissemination of pathogens, Marasmiaceae, Moniliasis, Tropical phytopathogens

https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13603

Nelino Florida Rofner

El cadmio (Cd) tiende a bioacumularse en granos de Theobroma cacao, afectando la salud humana y sus posibilidades de comercialización. Esto llevó a la Unión Europea (UE) a aprobar el Reglamento No 488/2014 para productos procesados del cacao, y motivó a la comunidad científica a realizar investigaciones sobre su bioacumulación en granos, los potenciales riesgos a la salud, calidad, y sus posibilidades de exportación. Los resultados evidencian altos niveles en diferentes regiones de los principales países productores Latinoamericanos (LA): Brasil, Ecuador, Colombia, Perú, República Dominicana, Bolivia, Honduras, y otros. Sin embargo, el reglamento 488/2014 no estipula límites máximos en cacao sin procesar; en ausencia de este, las investigaciones han clasificado estos límites, tomando como referencia los límites para cacao procesado, generando sobredimensionamiento de los niveles del metal, controversias en el mercado y retroceso en la sustitución del cultivo ilegal de la coca en esta región. Por lo tanto, en este artículo de revisión se detallarán las investigaciones realizadas sobre los niveles de Cd en almendras de cacao en principales países productores de América Latina, la aplicación del reglamento No 488/2014 a cacao sin procesar, las propuestas para establecer límites máximos en almendras sin procesar y sus implicaciones en la sustitución de cultivos ilícitos.

raw cocoa, Latin American cocoa, beans cadmium, illicit crops, maximum limits, regulations Cacao sin procesar, cacao de América Latina, cadmio en granos, cultivos ilícitos, límites máximos, reglamento Cacau in natura, cacau latino-americano, cádmio em grão, cultivos ilícitos, limites máximos, regulamento

https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.08

Luis Fidel Abregú Tueros

Psychological violence at work (PVW) refers to an intentional action in which workers are verbally assaulted, threatened and/or humiliated during their professional practice [1, 2] in ways that do not involve physical violence [3]. PVW is exacerbated in the health sector due to the precariousness of working conditions, which commonly involve psychosocial risk factors [4,5,6]. There are no differences in the rates of PVW between developed and underdeveloped countries, between health groups, or between stable and temporary work conditions [7,8,9,10]; however, at the individual level, the effects of PVW can vary according to the individual’s resilience [6, 11].

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-05959-8

Hugo Alfredo Huamaní Yupanqui

Fluvial islands define fundamental interfaces between the aquatic and terrestrial environment in river corridors, have unique environmental value, and represent a place of interest for human communities worldwide. Temporary agriculture occurs in many riverine islands in tropical regions of the planet, but this has received little attention so far. By integrating remote sensing, field and laboratory investigations, hydrological and hydraulic analysis, we quantified controls on their agricultural suitability in terms of fluvial disturbance, morphological stability, soils characteristics, and selection of flood-resistant crops. A highly dynamic foothill reach of the wandering Huallaga River (Peruvian Amazon) where temporary agriculture is practiced by local farmers is used as a case study. Islands show rapid turnover rates, with their number and total area tripling in the 1986-2019 period, in association with recent river corridor widening. Simulated disturbance-free windows of opportunity can be long enough (up to 230 days, for plantain) to cultivate on the most elevated portions of the largest islands, about 3 m above the thalweg. A gradient of increasing agricultural suitability paralleled that of decreasing fluvial disturbance from the most recently developed island (e.g., organic matter 0.2%–1.2%) to the more stable one (0.1%–2.6%) to the established floodplain (0.5%–3.5%). While the floodplain is more suitable for farming, we quantified how suitable islands are for temporary food production. Our results are generalized through a conceptual model for fluvial islands' agricultural suitability, thus filling an important knowledge gap about the characteristics of those highly sensitive environments within floodplains still moderately affected by human activities.

https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030674

Milthon Honorio Muñoz Berrocal

Tambaqui or cachama (Colossoma macropomum) is one of the most important neotropical freshwater fish used for aquaculture in South America, and its production is concentrated at low latitudes (close to the Equator, 0°), where the water temperature is warm. Therefore, understanding how selection shapes genetic variations and structure in farmed populations is of paramount importance in evolutionary biology. High-throughput sequencing to generate genome-wide data for fish species allows for elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation to local or farmed conditions and uncovering genes that control the phenotypes of interest. The present study aimed to detect genomic selection signatures and analyze the genetic variability in farmed populations of tambaqui in South America using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained with double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. Initially, 199 samples of tambaqui farmed populations from different locations (located in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru), a wild population (Amazon River, Brazil), and the base population of a breeding program (Aquaculture Center, CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil) were genotyped. Observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.231–0.350 and 0.288–0.360, respectively. Significant genetic differentiation was observed using global FST analyses of SNP loci (FST = 0.064, p < 0.050). Farmed populations from Colombia and Peru that differentiated from the Brazilian populations formed distinct groups. Several regions, particularly those harboring the genes of significance to aquaculture, were identified to be under positive selection, suggesting local adaptation to stress under different farming conditions and management practices. Studies aimed at improving the knowledge of genomics of tambaqui farmed populations are essential for aquaculture to gain deeper insights into the evolutionary history of these fish and provide resources for the establishment of breeding programs.

raw cocoa, Latin American cocoa, beans cadmium, illicit crops, maximum limits, regulations Cacao sin procesar, cacao de América Latina, cadmio en granos, cultivos ilícitos, límites máximos, reglamento Cacau in natura, cacau latino-americano, cádmio em grão, cultivos ilícitos, limites máximos, regulamento

https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13351

Julio Alfonso Chia Wong

The genetic architecture of resistance for witches’ broom disease of cacao (WBD) was reexamined in an F2 population (Sca-6 × ICS-1), addressing symptom-specificity and possible genetic basis for the differences in disease scores from terminal and cushion brooms. A high-density genetic linkage map was constructed with 494 individuals and 2968 SNPs, obtaining 10 linkage groups comprising 1595 centiMorgans. The trees were evaluated under field conditions with high WBD pressure from 2015 to 2019, with low spatial autocorrelation tested by Moran’s I. Five WBD symptoms and one tree growth trait were mapped, resulting in 23 minor-effects QTLs, primarily arranged in clusters and distributed in all linkage groups except 4 and 6, indicating that WBD has a polygenic inheritance. Terminal and cushion brooms shared a genomic region in linkage group 9, suggesting pleiotropy. In these conditions, the ICS-1 grandparent contributed with more QTLs than Sca-6 to WBD resistance, indicating that the resistance pattern has changed and confirming the susceptible parent’s importance. Few QTLs were identified in the same or proximal loci comparing the 5-year, annual, or biennial periods. Several candidate genes such as glutathione peroxidases, threonine-serine receptors, and endochitinases were potentially associated with WBD resistance. These findings strongly suggest that WBD resistance is more complex than previously postulated, and future directions are presented and suggested to investigate further and improve the insights into WBD resistance.

raw cocoa, Latin American cocoa, beans cadmium, illicit crops, maximum limits, regulations Cacao sin procesar, cacao de América Latina, cadmio en granos, cultivos ilícitos, límites máximos, reglamento Cacau in natura, cacau latino-americano, cádmio em grão, cultivos ilícitos, limites máximos, regulamento

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01562-x

Julio Alfonso Chia Wong

In the present study, phenotypic correlations and direct and indirect effects were estimated in a breeding population of cacao involving 22 full-sib families from 14 reciprocals and 8 direct crosses to obtain information aiming to increase selection efficiency for higher production. Path analysis was used to obtain estimates at the family level, within families, and the individual level. High phenotypic correlation coefficients were found between the total number of pods per tree and frosty pod rot incidence, with bean dry weight per tree, at the family (r = 0.91 and − 0.84, p < 0.001) and individual levels (r = 0.89 and − 0.50, p < 0.001), respectively. Path analysis revealed that the total number of pods per tree had the highest positive direct effects (0.66 to 1.05) on bean dry weight per tree expression. Likewise, indirect effects via the total number of pods per tree were important to explain the significant association of the other variables with the bean dry weight yield per tree. Variations in the correlation significance and direct and indirect effect magnitudes were observed among sample size, families, reciprocal and direct crosses, years, and bimonthly. However, beyond the influence of these, the total number of pods per tree had the greatest effects on production. These results suggest that indirect selection on the total number of pods per tree would improve selection efficiency for high bean yield in these breeding populations, accelerating and reducing costs than using a larger number of traits. The low heritability associated with the number of pods per tree might be beneficial in the second step of the selection process, considering other yield components of higher heritability as bean dry weight per pod. Also, extrapolation of the results should be done with care, considering that genetic parameter estimates are strictly valid for the population and environment studied, especially here that the number of parents used is a small sample (although important) of the parents used in cacao breeding programs.

raw cocoa, Latin American cocoa, beans cadmium, illicit crops, maximum limits, regulations Cacao sin procesar, cacao de América Latina, cadmio en granos, cultivos ilícitos, límites máximos, reglamento Cacau in natura, cacau latino-americano, cádmio em grão, cultivos ilícitos, limites máximos, regulamento

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01554-x

Brian Cesar Pando Soto, Jose Castillo

The demand for professionals dedicated to software development continues to increase. The architecture analysis and detailed design are part of the key efforts for the correct development and continuity of the solution. The teaching of software engineering still has many challenges to solve. One of these challenges is the teaching of software design, since the efforts made during the course often end up in a dead document when moving on to the construction phase. This problem also occurs in the industry. The reviewed works show different approaches to solve this problem. The objective of this work is to propose a tool based on the model-driven approach to create class diagrams and transform them into the source code. Also, you can make changes to the diagram during construction stages and stay in sync with the code. The results show an encouraging experience with the use of the tool by students of the software design course during an academic semester.

Industries, Software design, Codes, Education, Transforms, Software, Synchronization

https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI54924.2022.9820348

Luis Fidel Abregú Tueros

A pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar ocorrência de intervenções para prevenir RPT de profissionais da saúde no Brasil e no Peru. Fez-se revisão sistemática com base no scoping study nas bases PubMed, EBSCO-Host, BioMed Central, Embase, CINAHL, Lilacs, Cochrane Register of Trials, Web of Science e arquivo adicional da Ibict (Brasil) e da Concytec (Peru). Identificaram-se 2.466 estudos, restando 19, após a análise. A intervenção preventiva detectada como privilegiada e de maior utilidade tem abrangência no treinamento, mas para dimensões intrínsecas a mudanças de comportamentos complexos, cujos assuntos foram: aperfeiçoamento do diálogo da equipe na gestão de conflitos; melhora de interação na prática profissional. Intervenções de sucesso foram: formatos interativos didáticos e mistos ou workshops inserindo compromisso de chefes e funcionários da saúde, acima de três semanas, para promoção de tarefas de prática profissional; ao redor de seis meses, para tarefas problemáticas na saúde, desenvolvimento de liderança na gestão educacional e trabalho colaborativo. Implicações para cultura preventiva nos estabelecimentos da saúde, precisa-se agir nas intervenções e planos de pesquisa, para o desenvolvimento e promoção de relações trabalhistas preconizadas e transparentes.

https://doi.org/10.48021/978-65-252-3581-3